Carbon fluxes of China's coastal wetlands and impacts of reclamation and restoration.

Coastal wetlands play an important role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and contribute significantly to climate change mitigation. However, climate change, reclamation, and restoration have been causing substantial changes in coastal wetland areas and carbon exchange in China during recent decades. Here we compiled a carbon flux database consisting of 15 coastal wetland sites to assess the magnitude, patterns, and drivers of carbon fluxes and to compare fluxes among contrasting natural, disturbed, and restored wetlands. The natural coastal wetlands have the average net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) of -577 g C m-2 year-1, with -821 g C m-2 year-1 for mangrove forests and -430 g C m-2 year-1 for salt marshes. There are pronounced latitudinal patterns for carbon dioxide exchange of natural coastal wetlands: NEE increased whereas gross primary production (GPP) and respiration of ecosystem decreased with increasing latitude. Distinct environmental factors drive annual variations of GPP between mangroves and salt marshes; temperature was the dominant controlling factor in salt marshes, while temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation were co-dominant in mangroves. Meanwhile, both anthropogenic reclamation and restoration had substantial effects on coastal wetland carbon fluxes, and the effect of the anthropogenic perturbation in mangroves was more extensive than that in salt marshes. Furthermore, from 1980 to 2020, anthropogenic reclamation of China's coastal wetlands caused a carbon loss of ~3720 Gg C, while the mangrove restoration project during the period of 2021-2025 may switch restored coastal wetlands from a carbon source to carbon sink with a net carbon gain of 73 Gg C. The comparison of carbon fluxes among these coastal wetlands can improve our understanding of how anthropogenic perturbation can affect the potentials of coastal blue carbon in China, which has implications for informing conservation and restoration strategies and efforts of coastal wetlands.

Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Fractionation Effects in Different Organ Tissues of Grapes under Drought Conditions.

A study of different grapevine tissues and organs (root, stem, leaf, fruit) water isotope fractionation models from high-quality wine grapes produced in the Helan Mountains, a key wine-producing area in northwestern China, was undertaken. Results showed that δ2H values of local groundwater sources were more negative than rivers and precipitation. Soil water δ2H and δ18O values were significantly higher than those of other environmental water sources. Water from the soil surface layer (0-30 cm, δ2H and δ18O values) was more positive than the deeper layer (30-60 cm), indicating that soil water has undergone a positive fractionation effect. δ2H and δ18O values of tissues and organs from different grape varieties followed a similar pattern but were more negative than the local atmospheric precipitation line (slope between 4.1 to 5.2). The 2H and 18O fractionation relationship in grapevine organs was similar, and 18O has a higher fractionation effect than 2H. δ2H and δ18O values showed a strong fractionation effect during the transportation of water to different grape organs (trend of stem > fruit > leaf). This study showed that 18/16O fractionation in grapes is more likely to occur under drought conditions and provides a theoretical basis to improve traceability accuracy and origin protection of wine production areas.

Coastal blue carbon in China as a nature-based solution toward carbon neutrality.

To achieve the Paris Agreement, China pledged to become "Carbon Neutral" by the 2060s. In addition to massive decarbonization, this would require significant changes in ecosystems toward negative CO2 emissions. The ability of coastal blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), including mangrove, salt marsh, and seagrass meadows, to sequester large amounts of CO2 makes their conservation and restoration an important "nature-based solution (NbS)" for climate adaptation and mitigation. In this review, we examine how BCEs in China can contribute to climate mitigation. On the national scale, the BCEs in China store up to 118 Tg C across a total area of 1,440,377 ha, including over 75% as unvegetated tidal flats. The annual sedimental C burial of these BCEs reaches up to 2.06 Tg C year-1, of which most occurs in salt marshes and tidal flats. The lateral C flux of mangroves and salt marshes contributes to 1.17 Tg C year-1 along the Chinese coastline. Conservation and restoration of BCEs benefit climate change mitigation and provide other ecological services with a value of $32,000 ha-1 year-1. The potential practices and technologies that can be implemented in China to improve BCE C sequestration, including their constraints and feasibility, are also outlined. Future directions are suggested to improve blue carbon estimates on aerial extent, carbon stocks, sequestration, and mitigation potential. Restoring and preserving BCEs would be a cost-effective step to achieve Carbon Neutral by 2060 in China despite various barriers that should be removed.

The differential panorama of clinical features of lupus erythematosus patients with different onset ages: a cross-sectional multicenter study from China.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the differences among patients of different onset ages in various subtypes of lupus erythematosus (LE) and to draw a panorama of the clinical characteristics of patients with different onset ages. METHOD: Subjects were recruited from the Lupus Erythematosus Multicenter Case-control Study in Chinese populations (LEMCSC), grouped by the age of onset (childhood-onset: onset < 18 years, adult-onset: onset 18-50 years, late-onset: onset > 50 years). The data collected included demographic characteristics, LE-related systemic involvement, LE-related mucocutaneous manifestations, and laboratory results. All included patients were assigned into three groups: systemic LE (SLE) group (with systemic involvement, with or without mucocutaneous lesions), cutaneous LE (CLE) group (patients who were accompanied by any type of LE-specific cutaneous manifestations), and isolated cutaneous LE (iCLE) group (patients who were in CLE group without systemic involvements). Data were analyzed using R version 4.0.3. RESULTS: A total of 2097 patients were involved, including 1865 with SLE and 232 with iCLE. We also identified 1648 patients with CLE among them, as there was some overlap between the SLE population and CLE population (patients with SLE and LE-specific cutaneous manifestations). Later-onset lupus patients seemed to be less female predominance (p < 0.001) and have less systemic involvement (except arthritis), lower positive rates of autoimmune antibodies, less ACLE, and more DLE. Moreover, childhood-onset SLE patients presented a higher risk of LE family history (p = 0.002, vs adult-onset SLE). In contrast to other LE-nonspecific manifestations, the self-reported photosensitivity history decreased with the age of onset in SLE patients (51.8%, 43.4%, and 39.1%, respectively) but increased in iCLE patients (42.4%, 64.9%, and 89.2%, respectively). There was also a gradual increase in self-reported photosensitivity from SLE, CLE, to iCLE in both adult-onset and late-onset lupus patients. CONCLUSIONS: A negative correlation was suggested between the age of onset and the likelihood of systemic involvement, except for arthritis. As the age of onset increases, patients have a greater propensity to exhibit DLE compared to ACLE. Moreover, the presence of rapid response photodermatitis (i.e., self-reported photosensitivity) was associated with a lower rate of systemic involvement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2100048939) on July 19, 2021, retrospectively registered. Key Points • We confirmed some phenomena that have been found in patients with SLE, such as the highest proportion of females of reproductive age, the higher risk of LE family history in childhood-onset SLE patients, and the less self-reported photosensitivity in the late-onset SLE group. We also compared the similarities and differences of these phenomena in patients with CLE or iCLE for the first time. • In patients with SLE, the proportion of females peaked in adult-onset patients, but this phenomenon disappeared in iCLE patients: the female-male ratio tends to decrease from childhood-onset iCLE, adult-onset iCLE, to late-onset iCLE. • Patients with early-onset lupus are more likely to have acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE), and patients with late-onset lupus are more likely to have discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). • In contrast to other LE-nonspecific manifestations, the incidence of rapid response photodermatitis (i.e., self-reported photosensitivity) decreased with the age of onset in SLE patients but increased with the age of onset in iCLE patients.

Efficacy of Recombinant Human Endostatin plus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Osteosarcoma and Its Influence on Serum VEGF and MMP-9 Levels.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of recombinant human endostatin (rh-Endo) plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for osteosarcoma (OSA) and its influence on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Methods: The case data of 141 OSA patients presented to the North District, Xiangyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Arts and Sciences from January 2018 to June 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. Patients receiving NACT (methotrexate + ifosfamide + adriamycin) were assigned into the control group (CNG; n = 65), while those treated with rh-Endo plus NACT were included in the combination group (CMG; n = 76). The following aspects were compared: clinical efficacy, serum tumor markers, serum VEGF and MMP-9 contents, inflammatory factors, incidence of adverse reactions, limb function scores at 6 months of follow-up, and prognostic quality of life (QOL). Results: A statistically higher overall response rate (ORR) was determined in CMG versus CNG (84.2% vs. 64.6%, P < 0.05). The pretreatment serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, serum amyloid A (SAA), VEGF, MMP-9, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-10 levels differed insignificantly between the two cohorts (P > 0.05); while except IL-10 that showed increased expression in both cohorts and was comparatively higher in CMG, the other 8 parameters reduced in both cohorts after 2 weeks of drug withdrawal, and the reduction of each parameter was more significant in CMG (P < 0.05). The total adverse reaction rate was 30.2% in CMG, which was higher than that of 36.9% in CNG, albeit without a statistical difference (P > 0.05). An evidently higher 2-year survival rate was determined in CMG (P < 0.05). Conclusions: rh-Endo plus NACT is more effective than NACT alone in the treatment of osteosarcoma, which can validly restore the balance of vascular endothelial cells, reduce inflammation, and is worth promoting in clinic.

Mangrove reforestation provides greater blue carbon benefit than afforestation for mitigating global climate change.

Significant efforts have been invested to restore mangrove forests worldwide through reforestation and afforestation. However, blue carbon benefit has not been compared between these two silvicultural pathways at the global scale. Here, we integrated results from direct field measurements of over 370 restoration sites around the world to show that mangrove reforestation (reestablishing mangroves where they previously colonized) had a greater carbon storage potential per hectare than afforestation (establishing mangroves where not previously mangrove). Greater carbon accumulation was mainly attributed to favorable intertidal positioning, higher nitrogen availability, and lower salinity at most reforestation sites. Reforestation of all physically feasible areas in the deforested mangrove regions of the world could promote the uptake of 671.5-688.8 Tg CO2-eq globally over a 40-year period, 60% more than afforesting the same global area on tidal flats (more marginal sites). Along with avoiding conflicts of habitat conversion, mangrove reforestation should be given priority when designing nature-based solutions for mitigating global climate change.

Clinical Effect of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Femoral Neck Fracture in Young Adults and Related Factors of Femoral Head Necrosis.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to analyze the clinical effect of open reduction and internal fixation on femoral neck fracture in young adults and to explore the related factors of femoral head necrosis. Methods: The subjects were young and middle-aged femoral neck fracture patients admitted to our hospital from July 2019 to July 2021. 90 patients were randomly divided into two groups according to different treatment methods. The control group (n = 45) was treated with open reduction and internal fixation with hollow nails, while the observation group (n = 45) was treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with hollow nails. The clinical effects and adverse reactions of the two groups and the risk factors of avascular necrosis of femoral head were analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the operation time of the observation group was significantly shortened (P < 0.05), the amount of bleeding during the operation was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the incidence of total adverse reactions was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The HSS score and Harris score of the two groups were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the above scores between the two groups before and after treatment (P > 0.05). The related risk factors of necrosis included gender, Garden classification, time from injury to operation, and time of weight bearing after operation (P < 0.05) but not related to age and cause of injury (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Open and closed reduction and internal fixation can effectively treat femoral neck fracture in young adults. The risk factors of adverse reactions of osteonecrosis include gender, Garden classification, time from injury to operation, and weight-bearing time after operation.

Nitrogen addition and warming rapidly alter microbial community compositions in the mangrove sediment.

The mangrove ecosystem is an important CO2 sink with an extraordinarily high primary productivity. However, it is vulnerable to the impact of climate warming and eutrophication. While there has been extensive research on plant growth and greenhouse gas emission in mangrove ecosystems, microbial communities, the primary biogeochemical cycling drivers, are much less understood. Here, we examined whether short-term experimental treatments: (1) eutrophication with a supplement of 185 g N m-2·year-1 (N), (2) 3°C warming (W), and (3) the dual treatment of N and W (NW) were sufficient to alter microbial communities in the sediment. After 4 months of experiments, most environmental factors remained unchanged. However, N had significant, strong effects on bacterial, fungal, and functional community compositions, while the effects of W on microbial communities were weaker. N increased bacterial richness, phylogenetic diversity, and evenness, owing to stronger stochastic processes induced by eutrophication. There were no interactive effects of N and W on bacterial, fungal, and functional community compositions, suggesting that joint effects of N and W were additive. Concomitant with higher N2O efflux induced by N, the relative abundances of most bacterial nitrogen cycling genes were increased or remained changed by N. In contrast, N decreased or did not change those of most bacterial carbon degradation genes, while W increased or did not change the relative abundances of most of bacterial and fungal carbon degradation genes, implying higher carbon degradation potentials. As the most abundant inorganic nitrogenous species in mangrove sediment, ammonium was a key factor in shaping microbial functional communities. Collectively, our findings showed that microbial community compositions in the mangrove sediment were highly sensitive to short-term N and W treatments, giving rise to ecological consequences such as higher N2O efflux.

Study on stable carbon isotope fractionation of rape honey from rape flowers (Brassica napus L.) to its unifloral ripe honey.

A new idea and strategy for honey traceability and identification was provided by studying the carbon isotope fractionation of rape honey and its components in the different ripening process, as well as the fractionation from rape flowers, stamens, nectar to rape honey. The results showed the moisture content of rape honey continued to decrease, and the glucose and fructose content continued to increase during the ripening process. The δ13C of rape honey and its protein were less affected by honey ripeness, while the δ13C of sugars in rape honey were greatly affected by this. At the same time, the fractionation of carbon isotope from rape flowers to honey was significant. The δ13C of rape honey and its protein, disaccharide, fructose, and glucose had a strong correlation, and the δ13C of rape honey and its components were mainly related to rape flowers and its stamens.

Effects of land use on the heavy metal pollution in mangrove sediments: Study on a whole island scale in Hainan, China.

In recent decades, mangrove ecosystems at coastal zone are experiencing rapid land-use conversion, however effects of land use on the heavy metal pollution in mangrove sediments still are not clear. This study investigated the concentration and distribution of heavy metals (including chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd)) in different mangrove sediments with different land-use patterns along seashore of the whole Hainan island (with the third largest mangrove area of China). The effects of land use on the accumulation of heavy metals in these mangrove sediments are also analyzed. The results showed contaminations of ∑6Metals in this study following the order of arable lands (ARAB) > aquaculture ponds (AQUA) > riverine area (RIVER) > ecological area (ECOL) > construction area (CONS). Accumulation degree of As and Cd were high in the AQUA, ARAB, and RIVER area. As metal hotspots, ARAB, RIVER and AQUA area showed the deteriorated sediment quality with high pollution load index (>1). Redundancy discriminate analysis revealed that mangrove, paddy lands and aquaculture ponds related activities correlated well with the metal pollution. The results clearly revealed that different land uses would not only change the accumulation capacity of mangrove soil for heavy metals, but also contribute different sources of heavy metal pollution. These findings do help to facilitate land-use planning and contribute to guide a better mangrove wetland management at coastal zone.

A comparative authentication study of fresh fruit and vegetable juices using whole juice and sugar-specific stable isotopes.

Not-from-concentrate (NFC) juice has better nutrition, flavor and higher price than reconstituted juice. Accordingly, NFC juice is prone to adulteration and is an ongoing industry problem that has not yet been resolved. Undeclared addition of water and sugar are the main forms of NFC juice adulteration. This paper investigates the carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O values) of the bulk juice and different juice components from 21 fruit and vegetable juices, and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the addition of water and sugar in NFC juices. The results show that the use of fruit pulp can help to qualitatively and quantitatively indicate the presence of C4 plant sugars in NFC juice, and can reliably detect added C4 plant sugars above 7 %. Sugar-specific isotope analysis (SSIA) technology was used to determine the δ13C values of different sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and carbon content to qualitatively infer C3 plant sugar addition. Pulp extracted from juice had a good linear relationship with the juice water δ18O values (R2 >0.90). The addition of water to NFC juice can also be determined by comparing δ18O values of extraneous water, pulp and filtered juice. Stable isotope technology confirmed NFC juice adulteration of in-market samples using the pulp as an internal reference and was found to be a useful tool to detect adulteration of in-market NFC juice.

Quantifying Leaf Trait Covariations and Their Relationships with Plant Adaptation Strategies along an Aridity Gradient.

A trait-based approach is an effective way to quantify plant adaptation strategies in response to changing environments. Single trait variations have been well depicted before; however, multi-trait covariations and their roles in shaping plant adaptation strategies along aridity gradients remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal multi-trait covariation characteristics, their controls and their relevance to plant adaptation strategies. Using eight relevant plant functional traits and multivariate statistical approaches, we found the following: (1) the eight studied traits show evident covariation characteristics and could be grouped into four functional dimensions linked to plant strategies, namely energy balance, resource acquisition, resource investment and water use efficiency; (2) leaf area (LA) together with traits related to the leaf economic spectrum, including leaf nitrogen content per area (Narea), leaf nitrogen per mass (Nmass) and leaf dry mass per area (LMA), covaried along the aridity gradient (represented by the moisture index, MI) and dominated the trait-environmental change axis; (3) together, climate, soil and family can explain 50.4% of trait covariations; thus, vegetation succession along the aridity gradient cannot be neglected in trait covariations. Our findings provide novel perspectives toward a better understanding of plant adaptations to arid conditions and serve as a reference for vegetation restoration and management programs in arid regions.

Variance in tree growth rates provides a key link for completing the theory of forest size structure formation.

In natural forests at a demographic equilibrium state, the size frequency distribution (SFD) of trees is linked with their size-dependent growth and mortality rates. While the mean growth rate (MGR) of each size class is generally used for determining the SFD, the variance in the growth rate (VGR) has always been ignored. Here, based on the analyses with Kolmogorov forward equation, we show that in general, the VGR can flatten the slope of the SFD and, in particular, can address the contradiction between the size-dependent MGR and the -2 power-law SFD in the metabolic scaling theory. We traced the origin of the VGR to the intrinsic stochasticity in the allometric growth coefficients of trees and deduced its functional form based on variance propagation. Using the forest censuses data from Barro Colorado Island, we verified the prediction of the VGR and indicated its indispensability in the theory of forest size-structure formation.

Relationships between above- and below-ground carbon stocks in mangrove forests facilitate better estimation of total mangrove blue carbon.

BACKGROUND: Although great efforts have been made to quantify mangrove carbon stocks, accurate estimations of below-ground carbon stocks remain unreliable. In this study, we examined the distribution patterns of mangrove carbon stocks in China and other countries using our own field survey data and datasets from published literature. Based on these data, we investigated the possible relationships between above-ground carbon stock (AGC) and below-ground carbon stock (BGC) for mangrove forests, aiming to provide a scientific basis for estimation of total mangrove carbon stocks. RESULTS: The average above-ground carbon stock in each region was sizeable (ranging from 12.0 to 150.2 Mg/ha), but average below-ground carbon stock was dominant (ranging from 46.6 to 388.6 Mg/ha), accounting for 69-91% of total carbon stock at the sites studied in China. Significant positive relationships were found between above-ground and below-ground mangrove carbon stocks, with the best fitting equation as BGC = 1.58 * AGC + 81.06 (Mg/ha, R2 = 0.62, p < 0.01, n = 122) for China. Such linear relationships vary for mangrove forests of different types and locations, from different geographical regions in China to other countries worldwide. CONCLUSION: The positive relationship we found between above- and below-ground carbon stocks of mangrove forests in China and worldwide can facilitate more accurate assessments of mangrove blue carbon stocks at regional or global scales using modern techniques including remote sensing.

Intra-leaf heterogeneities of hydrogen isotope compositions in leaf water and leaf wax of monocots and dicots.

Several recent studies showed that leaf wax n-alkane δ2H values (δ2Hwax) within a leaf were heterogeneous in a small number of species. It still remains unclear whether the heterogeneity of intra-leaf δ2Hwax values is general for various species, how δ2Hwax values vary spatially and temporally, and whether there is a common explanation for the intra-leaf δ2Hwax heterogeneity in higher plants. Here we compared the hydrogen isotope compositions of leaf wax and corresponding leaf water (δ2Hlw) across leaf sections among a variety of monocot and dicot plant species. There is significant and consistent heterogeneity for both δ2Hwax and δ2Hlw, i.e., base-to-tip 2H-enrichment for monocots (except Hemerocallis citrina, and Dactylis glomerata) whereas base-to-tip and center-to-edge increases in δ2Hwax and δ2Hlw for dicots. The consistent occurrence of variations of δ2Hlw and δ2Hwax values within a leaf imply that δ2Hwax values probably inherit point-to-pint from in-situ δ2Hlw values, and thus the intra-leaf δ2Hwax heterogeneity mainly results from the spatial pattern of intra-leaf δ2Hlw values associated with veinal structures between dicots and monocots. The general heterogeneity of intra-leaf δ2Hwax values further intensifies that it is necessarily needed for in-depth understanding leaf wax biomarker.

Origin verification of French red wines using isotope and elemental analyses coupled with chemometrics.

Origin verification of 240 French wines from four regions of France was undertaken using isotope and elemental analyses. Our aim was to identify and differentiate the geographical origin of these red wines, and more importantly, to build a classification tool that can be used to verify geographic origin of French red wines using machine learning models. Multivariate analyses of the isotopic and elemental data revealed that it is possible to determine the geographical origin of French wines with a high level of confidence for most regions analyzed in this study. The wine verification accuracy of four French wine producing regions of Bordeaux, Burgundy, Languedoc-Roussillon and Rhone using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method was 98.2%. The results also show that ANN is more suitable than Discriminant Analysis for this verification purpose. The most important variables for French wine regional traceability were Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, Ti and Rb.

Coupled modelling and sampling approaches to assess the impacts of human water management on land-sea carbon transfer.

Land-sea riverine carbon transfer (LSRCT) is one of the key processes in the global carbon cycle. Although natural factors (e.g. climate, soil) influence LSRCT, human water management strategies have also been identified as a critical component. However, few systematic approaches quantifying the contribution of coupled natural and anthropogenic factors on LSRCT have been published. This study presents an integrated framework coupling hydrological modeling, field sampling and stable isotope analysis for the quantitative assessment of the impact of human water management practices (e.g. irrigation, dam construction) on LSRCT under different hydrological conditions. By applying this approach to the case study of the Nandu River, China, we find that carbon (C) concentrations originating from different land-uses (e.g. forest, cropland) are relatively stable and outlet C variations are mainly dominated by controlled runoff volumes rather than by input C concentrations. These results indicate that human water management practices are responsible for a reduction of ∼60% of riverine C at seasonal timescales, with an even greater reduction during drought conditions. Annual C discharges have been significantly reduced (e.g. 77 ±â€¯5% in 2015 and 39 ±â€¯11% in 2016) due to changes in human water extraction coupled with climate variation. In addition, isotope analysis also shows that C fluxes influenced by human activities (e.g. agriculture, aquaculture) could contribute the dominant particulate organic carbon under typical climatic conditions, as well as drought conditions. This research demonstrates the substantial effect that human water management practices have on the seasonal and annual fluxes of LSRCT, especially in such small basins. This work also shows the applicability of this integrated approach, using multiple tools to quantify the contribution of coupled anthropogenic and natural factors on LSRCT, and the general framework is believed to be feasible with limited modifications for larger basins in future research.

Controllable Synthesis of Porous Cu-BTC@polymer Composite Beads for Iodine Capture.

The efficient and safe capture of radioactive iodine (129I or 131I) is of great significance in nuclear waste disposal. Here, we report millimeter-scale poly(ether sulfone) composite beads loaded with porous Cu-BTC [Cu3(BTC)2, BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate] (Cu-BTC@PES), prepared by a phase inversion method for the removal of volatile iodine. Three kinds of Cu-BTC@PES composite beads were obtained with different Cu-BTC contents of 48.6, 60.2, and 71.9%, respectively. While maintaining crystallinity, the composite beads exhibited higher I2 vapor adsorption capacity (639 mg/g) in the form of iodine molecules. The iodine absorption up to 260 mg/g and the adsorption was followed Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the composite beads can still absorb more than 85% of iodine after 3 cycles of regeneration with excellent recyclability. The resulting Cu-BTC@PES composite beads show great potential for the sustainable removal of radioactive iodine.

Verification of imported red wine origin into China using multi isotope and elemental analyses.

Multi-isotope and multi-elemental analyses were performed on 600 red wine samples imported into China from 7 different countries and compared with Chinese wine. Carbon and oxygen isotopes and 16 elements were used to determine origin traceability. Our goal was to build a classification tool using data modeling that can verify the geographic origin of wines imported into China. Multivariate analyses of the isotopic and elemental data revealed that it is possible to determine the geographical origin for most imported wines with a high level of confidence (>90%). The results show that Artificial Neural Network method had a high discrimination accuracy and is more suitable than Discrimination Analysis and Random Forest methods when it comes to classifying wine origin on a global scale. In conclusion, stable isotope and trace element analyses followed by multivariate processing of the data is a fast and efficient technique suitable for global wine traceability.

A global database of water vapor isotopes measured with high temporal resolution infrared laser spectroscopy.

The isotopic composition of water vapour provides integrated perspectives on the hydrological histories of air masses and has been widely used for tracing physical processes in hydrological and climatic studies. Over the last two decades, the infrared laser spectroscopy technique has been used to measure the isotopic composition of water vapour near the Earth's surface. Here, we have assembled a global database of high temporal resolution stable water vapour isotope ratios (δ18O and δD) observed using this measurement technique. As of March 2018, the database includes data collected at 35 sites in 15 Köppen climate zones from the years 2004 to 2017. The key variables in each dataset are hourly values of δ18O and δD in atmospheric water vapour. To support interpretation of the isotopologue data, synchronized time series of standard meteorological variables from in situ observations and ERA5 reanalyses are also provided. This database is intended to serve as a centralized platform allowing researchers to share their vapour isotope datasets, thus facilitating investigations that transcend disciplinary and geographic boundaries.